先王急民事，分吏察垄亩。
田荒宅无毛，置法责粟布。
壤壤一岁勤，暴暴三年聚。
农政久不修，几家有禾黍。
杂诗
让我们来解读这首诗的每句话：
- 先王急民事，分吏察垄亩。
“先王”指的是古代的统治者或者君王。在这里，它可能是指那些重视农业、关心民生的统治者。他们急于处理国家的大事，同时也要关注农业生产，因此需要分配官员去视察田间地头，确保土地得到妥善利用。
- 田荒宅无毛，置法责粟布。
这句诗描述了一种景象：田地荒芜，房屋破败，人们生活贫困。这可能是因为政府没有采取有效的措施来恢复和发展农业生产，导致农民无法获得足够的粮食和生活必需品。
- 壤壤一岁勤，暴暴三年聚。
这里的“壤壤”和“暴暴”可能是对农民辛勤劳作的描述，一年辛勤耕作，三年才能有所收获。这说明了农业的艰辛和回报的缓慢。
- 农政久不修，几家有禾黍。
农政（农业政策）长时间没有得到修缮，说明政府的农业政策可能不够完善或者执行不到位。这种情况可能导致农民无法获得足够的支持和帮助，使得一些家庭只能依靠种植谷物为生。
翻译：
杂诗
First, let’s analyze each line of the poem:
- The ancestral kings were concerned about the affairs of the state, and they assigned officials to inspect the fields.
- “Ancestor” could refer to a ruler from ancient times who valued agriculture or focused on governance. These rulers prioritized the agricultural sector in their policies, assigning officials to oversee the farming practices to ensure proper utilization of land.
- When the fields are barren and homes are without grass, the law demands grain or cloth.
- This describes a desolate scene where crops have failed to flourish, and houses have become overgrown with weeds, indicating that the government’s lack of action has led to the famine experienced by those living there. This reflects the consequences of neglectful agricultural policies which fail to provide sufficient food supplies to farmers and residents.
- With hard work every year, only after three years can one gather enough grains.
- This suggests that the difficulty of farming is considerable and requires continuous effort and patience. It also implies that the rewards for farmers are slow in coming, reflecting the long cycle of agriculture and its reliance on consistent effort.
- For a long time, the agricultural policy has not been revised, leaving few households with rice or millet.
- “Agricultural policy” here refers to the government’s approach toward the farming community, which if unupdated, leads to a situation where many farms remain neglected and struggle to survive due to a lack of support or resources. This reflects the challenges faced by rural areas and their dependence on traditional methods and practices.
赏析：
此诗反映了古代社会对于农业的重视以及农业政策的缺失导致的农村凋敝现象。通过描绘农田无人耕种的景象和农民辛勤劳作却收成寥寥的现状，诗人表达了对农民困境的同情和对社会问题的关注。同时，也反映出农业是国家经济的基础，而农业的发展需要政府的有效管理和政策支持。这首诗通过生动的语言和形象的描绘，让读者感受到农业在古代社会中的重要性和农民的不易，同时也引发了对现代社会如何更好地关注和支持农业发展的思考。
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