乙亥，上耕籍田，大赦。
己卯，诏祀郊庙，初乘玉路。
庚寅，立皇子子勋为晋安王，子房为寻阳王，子顼为历阳王，子鸾为襄阳王。
魏散骑侍郎冯阐来聘。
二月，魏卫将军乐安王良讨河西叛胡。
三月，魏人寇北阴平，硃提太守杨归子击破之。
甲申，皇后亲桑于西郊，皇太后观礼。
夏，四月，魏太后常氏殂。五月，癸丑，魏葬昭太后于鸣鸡山。
丙戌，尚书左仆射褚湛之卒。
吐谷浑王拾寅两受宋、魏爵命，居止出入，拟于王者，魏人忿之。定阳侯曹安表：“拾寅今保白兰，若分军出其左右，必走保南山，不过十日，人畜乏食，可一举而定。”六月，甲午，魏遣征西大将军阳平王新成等督统万、高平诸军出南道，南郡公中山李惠等督凉州诸军出北道，以击吐谷浑。
魏崔浩之诛也，史官遂废，至是复置。
诗句：乙亥，上耕籍田，大赦。己卯，诏祀郊庙，初乘玉路。庚寅，立皇子子勋为晋安王，子房为寻阳王，子顼为历阳王，子鸾为襄阳王。
Translation: On the twelfth day of this month, Emperor Xiao of the Song Dynasty conducted cultivation on the sacrificial field and issued a general amnesty. The thirteenth day, Emperor Xiao decreed that temples be visited and sacrifices made to ancestors, beginning with a ceremony in the royal carriage made from jade. By the fourteenth day, he established his son Zi Xun as King of Jin’an, Zifang as Prince of Xuyang, Zizhu as Prince of Lüyang, and Zi Lun as Prince of Xiangyang.
Analysis: This section of the text records significant events in the life of the Song Dynasty’s Emperor Xiao during his reign, highlighting key moments such as his farming ceremony, declaration of forgiveness, and establishment of new princely titles. These events are not only important markers of political stability and continuity within the imperial family but also reflect broader cultural and ceremonial practices within the Chinese court.
诗句：魏散骑侍郎冯阐来聘。
Translation: On the fifth day, an envoy from the Wei state arrived for an official visit, bearing gifts from Duke Xuan of the Wei state.
Analysis: This sentence provides information about the diplomatic relations between the Song and Wei states. The arrival of a Wei envoy was a significant event, indicating a high level of trust and cooperation. It also highlights the importance of diplomacy in maintaining stable relationships between neighboring states.
诗句：甲申，皇后亲桑于西郊，皇太后观礼。
Translation: On the seventh day, Empress Dowager Queen Mother personally planted grain seeds in the west-outer palace grounds, where she observed the ceremony from the audience stand.
Analysis: This segment focuses on filial piety and the emperor’s role as a moral exemplar. The planting of grain is a symbolic act of respect for nature while also expressing the emperor’s commitment to ensuring the well-being and prosperity of his people. The presence of the imperial wife at the event further emphasizes the importance of family values and the role of women in societal harmony.
诗句：夏，四月，魏太后常氏殂。五月，癸丑，魏葬昭太后于鸣鸡山。
Translation: In the summer, the fourth month, Empress Wu, the mother of Empress Dowager Queen Mother, passed away. In May, on the twenty-first day, the Wei court buried Empress Dowager Queen Mother at Mingji Mountain.
Analysis: This passage describes the passing of a powerful figure from within the Wei state, which adds another layer of complexity to the ongoing conflicts between different states in the region. The mourning process itself serves as a reminder of the power dynamics within China’s imperial system, highlighting the deep-rooted influence of family and kinship networks in political decisions.
诗句：六月，甲午，尚书左仆射褚湛之卒。
Translation: In the sixth month, on the twenty-ninth day, Cao Danzhi, a minister from the State Secretariat, passed away.
Analysis: This entry records yet another prominent figure in the political landscape of China. Cao Danzhi’s death marks a loss of a key advisor to the emperor, whose absence could have significant repercussions on the course of political decisions. His death is thus seen as a significant event not just in terms of personal loss but also because it affected the balance of power within the empire.
诗句：吐谷浑王拾寅两受宋、魏爵命，居止出入，拟于王者，魏人忿之。定阳侯曹安表：“拾寅今保白兰，若分军出其左右，必走保南山，不过十日，人畜乏食，可一举而定。”六月，甲午，魏遣征西大将军阳平王新成等督统万、高平诸军出南道，南郡公中山李惠等督凉州诸军出北道，以击吐谷浑。
Translation: Turkmen Khan Sheybteng, having received dual allegiance from both Song and Wei, lived as if ruling like a king, with equal freedom to enter and leave his own lands. Such behavior angered the Wei. Zeng Anbao, a General of Dingyanghou, proposed: “If Tumuqen (Sheybteng) were to split his forces and send some to either side now, he would inevitably retreat to the southern mountains, but it won’t take more than ten days. He will run out of provisions for both human and livestock; then we can defeat him easily.” That same month, Liu Bei dispatched Gongsihuang Commandery Chief Yangpingwang Xincheng et al. to lead troops led by Tongguandahu and Gaopingdu across the southern route, while Sun Quanjun led Qiliheli Commandery Chief Nanzhongjun Li Hui et al. to oversee the northern route to attack the Tumuqen.
Analysis: This passage highlights the strategic importance of military action against foreign powers. The success of these operations depended not only on military strength but also on careful planning and deception. The use of double loyalty as a strategy indicates a deeper understanding of regional politics and cultural differences among different states. The portrayal of these military actions as crucial demonstrates how they played a pivotal role in preserving China’s territorial integrity and national security.
此段记载了刘宋孝武帝时期的一系列重大事件及其政治、军事和文化意义。通过这些描述，不仅可以看到当时的政治动态和对外关系，还可以感受到中国历史上的一种文化特色和政治智慧的传承。