汉代司马迁《史记 · 八书 · 礼书》释义-5

古者之兵，戈矛弓矢而已，然而敌国不待试而诎。城郭不集，沟池不掘，固塞不树，机变不张，然而国晏然不畏外而固者，无他故焉，明道而均分之，时使而诚爱之，则下应之如景响。有不由命者，然后俟之以刑，则民知罪矣。故刑一人而天下服。罪人不尤其上，知罪之在己也。是故刑罚省而威行如流，无他故焉，由其道故也。故由其道则行，不由其道则废。古者帝尧之治天下也，盖杀一人刑二人而天下治。传曰“威厉而不试，刑措而不用”。

天地者，生之本也；先祖者，类之本也；君师者，治之本也。无天地恶生？无先祖恶出？无君师恶治？三者偏亡，则无安人。故礼，上事天，下事地，尊先祖而隆君师，是礼之三本也。

故王者天太祖，诸侯不敢怀，大夫士有常宗，所以辨贵贱。贵贱治，得之本也。郊畴乎天子，社至乎诸侯，函及士大夫，所以辨尊者事尊，卑者事卑，宜钜者钜，宜小者小。故有天下者事七世，有一国者事五世，有五乘之地者事三世，有三乘之地者事二世，有特牲而食者不得立宗庙，所以辨积厚者流泽广，积薄者流泽狭也。

{    
"诗句输出": [    
{    
"关键词": "古者之兵",    
"译文": "In antiquity, the weapons used were just spears and axes. However, even without being tested in battles, enemies would be subdued.",    
"赏析": "This line highlights the simplicity of ancient warfare, suggesting that even without formal military training or equipment, a nation could maintain its order and peace due to clear leadership, justice, and education."    
},    
{    
"关键词": "明道而均分之",    
"译文": "By adhering to the principle that heavenly governance should be clear, and the people should be treated equally and fairly, social harmony can be maintained unimpeded.",    
"赏析": "The phrase emphasizes the importance of a just and equitable distribution of resources, ensuring social cohesion and order by promoting fairness and justice."    
},    
{    
"关键词": "天地者，生之本也",    
"译文": "Heaven and earth are fundamental to all life.",    
"赏析": "This statement underlines the interconnectedness of heaven and earth, suggesting that both elements play vital roles in sustaining life on Earth."    
}    
],    
"关键诗句翻译与赏析": [    
{    
"句子": "明道而均分之，时使而诚爱之，则下应之如景响。",    
"关键词": "明道而均分之",    
"译文": "By following the principles of heavenly governance and treating everyone equally, and by acting with sincerity and affection for all, then the people will respond to them like echoes from a landscape."    
"赏析": "This sentence highlights the importance of upholding justice and equality in governance, creating a harmonious environment where every individual feels respected and valued."    
},    
{    
"句子": "故刑一人而天下服。罪人不尤其上，知罪之在己也。是故刑罚省而威行如流，无他故焉，由其道故也。",    
"关键词": "刑罚省而威行",    
"译文": "When a single person is punished, the whole world will comply. The punishment does not focus on the offender alone; they realize that their transgression lies within themselves. Hence, when laws are enforced, respect for authority flows naturally, as if it is a river."    
"赏析": "This statement emphasizes the effectiveness of discipline and accountability through strict enforcement of rules, suggesting that true respect for authority comes from a sense of responsibility rather than external pressure."    
},    
{    
"句子": "天地者，生之本也；先祖者，类之本也；君师者，治之本也。",    
"关键词": "天地者，生之本也",    
"译文": "Heaven and earth constitute the basis of life. The ancestors represent the root of humanity. And teachers and scholars serve as the foundation for governance."    
"赏析": "This series of statements establishes a hierarchy of values based on natural cycles and human history, highlighting the importance of respecting tradition and learning from past successes and failures in shaping a strong society and government."    
}    
]    
}