天启六年十二月,大雪深三尺许。晚霁,余登龙山,坐上城隍庙山门,李岕生、高眉生、王畹生、马小卿、潘小妃侍。万山载雪,明月薄之,月不能光,雪皆呆白。
坐久清冽,苍头送酒至,余勉强举大觥敌寒,酒气冉冉,积雪欱之,竟不得醉。马小卿唱曲,李岕生吹洞箫和之,声为寒威所慑,咽涩不得出。
三鼓归寝。马小卿、潘小妃相抱从百步街旋滚而下,直至山趾,浴雪而立。余坐一小羊头车,拖冰凌而归。
这首诗描述了天启六年的冬天,作者在龙山的一场大雪中的经历。下面是对这首诗的逐句释义、译文、关键词注释和赏析:
- “天启六年十二月,大雪深三尺许。”
- 释义:天启六年的十二月,下了大量的雪,厚厚的积雪大约有三尺(大约是90厘米)。
- 译文:In the sixth year of Tiankong’s reign, in December, a great snowfall fell, with the accumulated snow reaching approximately three feet (about 90 centimeters).
- 关键词:天启(朝代名),六月(月份名),十二月(年份),大雪(气象现象),三尺(距离单位)
- 赏析:这句话通过具体的时间点和天气状况,描绘了一幅雪景图,让人感受到当时严寒的氛围。
- “晚霁,余登龙山,坐上城隍庙山门。”
- 释义:傍晚时分,雨停了,我登上了龙山,坐在城隍庙山门之上。
- 译文:As the rain cleared up at dusk, I ascended to Long Mountain and took my seat by the gate of the City God Temple.
- 关键词:晚霁(傍晚的雨后晴空),龙山(地名),城隍庙山门(建筑名称)
- 赏析:这里表达了作者在雨后的宁静与闲适,也预示着即将到来的壮观景色。
- “万山载雪,明月薄之,月不能光,雪皆呆白。”
- 释义:无数的山峦被雪覆盖,明亮的月光穿透不了厚厚的雪层,使得月光显得暗淡无光,整个大地都变得一片洁白。
- 译文:Thousands of mountains were covered in snow, while the bright moon shone through it unimpeded, but its light could not penetrate the thick layer of snow. The entire land was turned into white.
- 关键词:载雪(覆盖着雪)、明月(月亮)、薄之(穿透)、呆白(纯净的白色)
- 赏析:这句话运用了对比的手法,通过月光与雪景的对比,突出了雪的纯净和美丽。
- “坐久清冽,苍头送酒至,余勉强举大觥敌寒,酒气冉冉,积雪欱之,竟不得醉。”
- 释义:坐了许久感觉格外清凉,仆人送来了酒。我勉强举起大杯来驱寒,但酒气袅袅,积雪压住了我的酒杯,最终没能喝酒。
- 译文:After sitting for a long time, feeling very refreshing, a servant brought wine. I tried to drink, but the chilly air seemed to press down on me and the snow kept my cup from being full, eventually preventing me from drinking.
- 关键词:清冽(形容空气或水冷),苍头(仆人的称呼)、大觥(古代的一种酒具)、酒气(酒的气味)、积雪(积雪)、欱(压制)
- 赏析:这里的描写细腻生动,通过酒和雪的交互作用,传达了寒冷天气中饮酒的艰难。
- “马小卿唱曲,李岕生吹洞箫和之,声为寒威所慑,咽涩不得出。”
- 释义:马小卿唱歌,李岕生吹箫伴奏,声音被寒风吓到而发不出声音。
- 译文:Miaoqing sang a song, Geqi played an ocarina in response, their sound was suppressed by the chill wind, making it difficult to produce any sound.
- 关键词:马小卿(人物)、唱曲(唱歌)、李岕生(人物)、吹洞箫(吹奏乐器)、咽涩(喉咙干燥不通畅)
- 赏析:这句诗描绘了冬日里音乐表演的困难情境,展现了作者在恶劣天气中的无奈与辛酸。
- “三鼓归寝。”
- 释义:到了三更时分,我结束了一天的活动回家休息。
- 译文:At about three in the morning, I ended my day’s activities and went back to sleep.
- 关键词:三鼓(指深夜时分,三更时敲击鼓以报时)、归寝(回家睡觉)
- 赏析:这句话简洁地总结了一天的活动结束,也为全文画上了句号。
- “马小卿、潘小妃相抱从百步街旋滚而下,直至山趾,浴雪而立。”
- 释义:马小卿和潘小妃相互拥抱着从百步街上滚下来,一直滚到山下,在那里沐浴着雪地站立。
- 译文:Ma Xiaoqing and Pan Xiaofei embraced each other and started rolling down the street named ‘Hundred Steps’, finally landing at the foot of the mountain where they stood under the snow.
- 关键词:马小卿(人物)、潘小妃(人物)、百步街(地点)、旋滚(滚动)、山趾(山坡底部)
- 赏析:这句诗描绘了一个浪漫的场景,展现了两位女子在自然美景中的互动和情感。
- “余坐一小羊头车,拖冰凌而归。”
- 释义:我坐着一辆羊头形状的小车,拖着冰凌回家。
- 译文:I sat in a small sheep carcass cart, which dragged ice cubes behind it as I returned home.
- 关键词:小羊头车(交通工具)、冰凌(结冰的水滴或冰块)
- 赏析:这句话以一种轻松幽默的方式结束了全篇,体现了作者对旅途中冰雪景观的喜爱和欣赏。